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Reduction of Coal Consumption by Using Municipal Combustible Waste as a Fuel in Cement Kiln with Special Focus on Hetauda Cement Industry in Nepal
Shyam Krishna Karki,
Khet Raj Dahal
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
35-41
Received:
26 May 2020
Accepted:
12 June 2020
Published:
4 July 2020
Abstract: The paper aims to enlighten the financial benefits by reducing the coal consumption from use of municipal combustible waste as a fuel in cement kiln of Hetauda Cement Industry of Nepal. Hetauda Sub Metropolitan and Hetauda Cement Industries Ltd were selected for the present study and the study was conducted during the period from March to December 2019. Published literature such as reports, manuals, paper, database and thesis were collected from different sources and went on thoroughly, Conclusions were drawn on the basis of the studied materials. Depletion in nonrenewable source of fuel energy, mining costs and its mining difficulties and also environmental consideration, the greater efforts are given in inventions of alternative fuels. Most of the cement industries of developed country are following the use of alternative fuels. In this context, possibility of applying such fueling technologies in cement industries of developing country like Nepal are to be studied by considering economic, social and environmental aspects. This paper summarizes and reviews studies related to the use of alternative fuel in cement industries of different country with different benefits. In addition, this paper serves as a valuable reference for in-depth studies of use of combustible municipal waste of Hetauda Sub Metropolitan in Hetauda Cement Industry.
Abstract: The paper aims to enlighten the financial benefits by reducing the coal consumption from use of municipal combustible waste as a fuel in cement kiln of Hetauda Cement Industry of Nepal. Hetauda Sub Metropolitan and Hetauda Cement Industries Ltd were selected for the present study and the study was conducted during the period from March to December ...
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Analytical Study on Seismic Response Reduction for PC Bridge: Effects of Cost on a Proposed Seismic Reinforcement Method Due to Collision
Tomohisa Hamamoto,
Toshitaka Yamao,
Desy Setyowulan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
42-51
Received:
2 June 2020
Accepted:
22 June 2020
Published:
7 July 2020
Abstract: After the 1995 Kobe strong earthquake, it has been greatly revised in Japanese highway bridge codes. It was secured a large gap size of the girder for the collision of girders by the Level 2 Earthquake Ground Motion of the seismic design. However, if a large gap size of the girder is adopted, the expansion joint have to be largely changed. Furthermore, the construction costs and the seismic reinforcement costs will be increased. It was considered that the gap reduction allowing the collision of girders, as a premise of preventing the collapse of the bridge, was one of the seismic reinforcement method in order to decease the construction costs and the seismic reinforcement costs. In addition, it is necessary that damage of the girder end and the pier bottom is decreased by attaching rubber shock absorber to the end of girder. In order to reduce gap size between girders, it is necessary that the resistance characteristics of the abutment due to the collision of girders and the dynamic response characteristics due to the damping at the bottom of pier are grasped. Although many studies on the collision phenomenon of bridge girders have been published, the effects of cost on seismic reinforcement allowing the collision of PC bridge girders have not been sufficiently considered yet. In this study, the resistance characteristics of the abutment due to the collision of girders and the dynamic response characteristics due to the damping at the bottom of pier will be verified by carrying out dynamic response analysis that the 3-dimensional finite element model (3D-FEM) of the PC bridge was built. In addition, the effects of cost on the proposed seismic reinforcement allowing the collision of concrete bridge girders will be considered. From the comparison of the total cost on both the current method and the proposed one, it will be confirmed that the proposed seismic reinforcement method is very effective.
Abstract: After the 1995 Kobe strong earthquake, it has been greatly revised in Japanese highway bridge codes. It was secured a large gap size of the girder for the collision of girders by the Level 2 Earthquake Ground Motion of the seismic design. However, if a large gap size of the girder is adopted, the expansion joint have to be largely changed. Furtherm...
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An Analysis on Dust Avoidance Effect of the Building Complex of Small Xitian in Xi County
Dongdong Yang,
Wenqing Wu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2020
Pages:
52-60
Received:
2 July 2020
Accepted:
17 July 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: The building complex of Small Xitian in Xi County, Shanxi province has a peculiar effect of dust avoidance. As for the unique phenomenon, the previous studies only used the folk legend "Dust Avoidance Beads" to describe the hung sculptures of the Great Hall unilaterally, without systematic and scientific analysis. Through the ancient literature analysis and field measurement, combined with the building climatology and principle of air clean technology research, it shows in this article the western pure land of bliss is an ideological pursuit of the Small Xitian building complex. The relatively closed building site can effectively prevent the invasion of dust carried by the monsoon, and the scattered and well-proportioned building layout has the function of self-regulation and self-output of dust. In addition, the internal structure of the Great Hall has the performance of going against the dust adhesion and the dilution of dust concentration. As one of the representative buildings to avoid dust systematically, Small Xitian complex is integrated into the connotation of ancient architectural art, natural science knowledge and religious culture in China. This can be a supplement to the study of the history of ancient Chinese architecture and provide technical support for the protection of ancient temple architecture.
Abstract: The building complex of Small Xitian in Xi County, Shanxi province has a peculiar effect of dust avoidance. As for the unique phenomenon, the previous studies only used the folk legend "Dust Avoidance Beads" to describe the hung sculptures of the Great Hall unilaterally, without systematic and scientific analysis. Through the ancient literature ana...
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